Which of the following factors can affect vessel stability?

Wind, current, and temperature are significant factors that can affect vessel stability due to their direct impact on the forces acting upon a vessel while it is at sea.

Wind can create heeling forces on a vessel, especially if it is strong and comes from an off-center direction. This can lead to changes in the vessel’s center of gravity and buoyancy, affecting stability. Similar to wind, currents can also exert forces that alter a vessel's equilibrium, particularly if the vessel is moving through water that is flowing at different angles. Temperature can influence water density and, subsequently, buoyancy, although its effect on stability is more indirect compared to wind and current.

Considering these three factors together gives a comprehensive view of the dynamic environment in which a vessel operates, highlighting the importance of careful navigation and vessel handling in maintaining stability.